Balkanika | Documentation

Transliteration and pronounciation

The Cyrillic Bulgarian, Serbian and North Macedonian scripts are generally transliterated using ISO 9:1995 Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters. Where necessary, pronounciation is given between // using the International Phonetic Alphabet (click on link or see below).

Bulgarian

Cyrillic	Latin/IPA
А а Б б В в Г г Д д Е е Ж ж З з И и Й й К к Л л М м Н н О о П п Р р С с Т т У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ь ь Ю ю Я я	a b v g d e /ɛ/ ž /ʒ/ z i j /j/ k l m n o p r s t u f h c /ts/ č /tʃ/ š /ʃ/ št /ʃt/ ǎ /uh/ y /-/ yu ya

Macedonian

Cyrillic	Latin/IPA
А а Б б В в Г г Д д Ѓ ѓ Е е Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и Ј ј К к Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ќ ќ У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш	a b v g d ģ /ɟ/ e /ɛ/ ž /ʒ/ z dz i j /j/ k l lj m n nj o p r s t ḱ /c/ u f h /x/ c /ts/ č /tʃ/ dž /dʒ/ š /ʃ/

Serbian

Cyrillic	Latin/IPA
А а Б б В в Г г Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ж ж З з И и Ј ј К к Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ђ У у Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш	a b v g d Đ đ /dʑ/ e /ɛ/ ž /ʐ/ z i j /j/ k l lj m n nj o p r s t ć /tɕ/ u f h /x/ c /ts/ č /ʈʂ/ dž /ɖʐ/ š /ʂ/

Greek

Greek	Latin/IPA
Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ/ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω ΑΙ αι ΑΥ αυ ΒΠ βπ ΓΓ γγ ΓΚ γκ ΓΞ γξ ΓΧ γχ ΕΙ ει ΕΥ ευ ΗΥ ηυ ΝΤ ντ ΟΙ οι ΟΥ ου	a v g d /dh/ e /ɛ/ z i th i k l m n x o p r s t y f ch /x/ ps o /ɔː/ /ɛ/ /av/ /b/ /ng/ /nk/ /nks/ /nx/ /i/ /ev/ /iv/ /d//nd/ /i/ /u/

Turkish

Latin	IPA
A a B b C c Ç ç D d E e F f G g Ğ ğ H h I ı İ i J j K k L l M m N n O O Ö ö P p R r S s Ş ş T t U u Ü ü V v Y y Z z	. . /dʒ/ /tʃ/ . . . . /-/ . /ɯ/ . . . . . . . /ø/ . . . /ʃ/ . . /y/ . /j/ .

Romanian

Latin	IPA
A a Â â Ă ă B B C c D d E e F f G g H h Î î J j K k L l M m N n O o P p R r S s Ş ş T t Ţ ţ U u V v X x Y y Z z	. /ə/ /ɨ/ . /k//tʃ/ . . . /ɡ//dʒ/ . /ɨ/ /ʒ/ . . . . . . . . /ʃ/ . /ts/ /u//w/ /v/ . /j/ .

The Internation Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 2020)

Turkish tone system

Many of the Turkish scores (and some other ones) are noted using the Arel-Ezgi system, which divides a whole-tone interval in nine commas. In folk music scores, commas may also be indicated with a number next to the sharp and flat symbols.

Turkish notes

In the Turkish system notes have individual names, as listed in the below figure. In the standard transposition, the Turkish Re/D5 equates to the Western La/A4 and has a frequency of 440 Hz. In the Turkish tradition, written music is never transposed (as this would obscure the mode/makam); musicians are expected to be able to play any, or at least common transpositions from the same score.